average global temperature 2019


However, the differences between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd warmest years in the ocean are small compared to the measurement uncertainty, meaning they are all essentially indistinguishable. To calculate a global average temperature, scientists begin with temperature measurements taken at locations around the globe. Places that  warmed by up to 1° Fahrenheit over the past 30 years are red, places that have cooled by up to 1° F are blue, and places where we don't have enough observations to calculate a trend are light gray. These estimates for the changes in national annual average temperatures are derived from our global temperature fields. 2019 was the 2nd warmest year in the Arctic. Two-thirds of the warming has occurred since 1975, at a rate of roughly 0.15-0.20°C per decade. The year-to-date temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was 1.69°F above the 20th century average of 57.4°F — the second highest for January–October in the 140-year record. The graph shows average annual global temperatures since 1880  (source data) compared to the long-term average (1901-2000).

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October US Release: Fri, 6 Nov 2020, 11:00 AM EST, 2019 year-to-date temperatures versus previous years, Global Annual Temperature Rankings Outlook, Monthly temperature anomalies versus El Niño, Global Historical Climatology Network, GHCN, Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page. Meanwhile, the most notable cool temperature departures from average were present across much of the north-central contiguous United States and south-central Canada, where temperatures were at least 1.8°F below average or cooler. In particular, monthly and annual time series are available. October 2015 was warmer at +1.57°F. Only October 2015 was warmer by 0.05°F. Only a small area in the western contiguous U.S. had record cold October temperatures. PLEASE NOTE: With the May 2019 global report and data release, the National Centers for Environmental Information transitioned to an improved version of NOAA's Global Temperature data set (NOAAGlobalTemp version 5), which includes the updated versions of its global land (GHCNm version 4.0.1) and ocean (ERSST version 5) data sets. The tendency for land averages to increase more quickly than ocean averages is clearly visible. The Northern Hemisphere’s October land and ocean surface temperature departure from average of +2.18°F tied with 2015 as the warmest October on record. This value was the third highest for January–October on record, behind 2016 (warmest) and 2017 (second warmest). Changes in global average surface temperature from 1990-2019. The year-to-date temperature for 2019 was also the second warmest on record for the January–October period. The “Global Temperature” figure on the home page dashboard shows global temperature change since 1880. No land or ocean areas were record cold for the year, and the only substantial pocket of cooler-than-average land temperatures was in central North America.

Based on historical variability and current conditions, it is possible to roughly estimate what global mean temperature should be expected in 2020. Though it is interesting to understand the characteristics of individual years, global warming is ultimately about the long-term evolution of Earth’s climate. In addition to long-term warming, individual years are also affected by interannual variations in weather. Due to uncertainties in the analysis and the limits of our spatial resolution some national average estimates may differ slightly from the values reported by national weather agencies. The global land and ocean surface temperature departure from average for October 2019 was the second highest for the month of October in the 140-year NOAA global temperature dataset record, which dates back to 1880.

The year-to-date temperature for 2019 was also the second warmest on record for the January–October period. Only 2015, 2016, and 2017 were warmer. Our current estimate is that 2020 is likely to be similar to 2019 but with a potential to be somewhat warmer or cooler. Temperature [in State of the Climate in 2018].
Temperature anomalies and percentiles are shown on the gridded maps below. The following is our report on global mean temperature during 2019. All of the major surface temperature groups except HadCRU have also ranked 2019 as the 2nd warmest year. National Climatic Data Center. The October globally averaged land surface temperature was also the second highest for October in the 140-year record at 2.63°F above the 20th century average of 48.7°F. The October temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was 1.76°F above the 20th century average of 57.1°F and the second highest October temperature on record. The concept of an average temperature for the entire globe may seem odd. Please visit our Commonly Asked Questions for additional information. October 2019 also marks the 43rd consecutive October and the 418th consecutive month with temperatures, at least nominally, above the 20th century average. The total uncertainty is much less than the long-term changes in climate during the last 150 years. Temperature records from NOAA, NASA, and the University of East Anglia all show an increase from the start of the 20th-century through 2019. Subscribe for data set announcements and updates, Support Our Unbiased Independent Scientific Research. The Northern Hemisphere land and ocean surface temperature was the second highest January–October on record at 2.05°F above average.

That exceptional El Niño boosted global mean temperatures in 2015 and 2016. By 2030, however, the heating imbalance caused by greenhouse gases begins to overcome the oceans' thermal inertia, and projected temperature pathways begin to diverge, with unchecked carbon dioxide emissions likely leading to several additional degrees of warming by the end of the century.

According to the NOAA 2019 Global Climate Summary, the combined land and ocean temperature has increased at an average rate of 0.07°C (0.13°F) per decade since 1880; however, the average rate of increase since 1981 (0.18°C / 0.32°F) is more than twice as great. Explore a stunning gallery of before-and-after images of Earth from land and space that reveal our home planet in a state of flux. NOAA Climate.gov, based on data from NCEI. From 1900 to 1980 a new temperature record was set on average every 13.5 years; since 1981, it has increased to every 3 years. Temperature anomalies for land and ocean are analyzed separately and then merged to form the global analysis. By melting sea ice, warming in the Arctic regions causes more sunlight to be absorbed by the ocean, which allows for yet more warming. In 2019, the average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces was 1.71°F (0.95°C) above the twentieth-century average of 57.0°F (13.9°C), making it the second-warmest year on record. This website is produced by the Earth Science Communications Team at, Site Editor: According to the American Meteorological Society's State of the Climate in 2018, 2018 came in as the fourth warmest year on record in all four of the major global temperature datasets. Explore this interactive graph: Click and drag to display different parts of the graph. This value was only 0.11°F shy of tying the record warm October set in 2015. EIN: 46-2032196, 501(c)(3). Consequently, temperature analysis calculations can be subject to revisions as new data becomes available.

The year-to-date temperature for 2019 was the second warmest January –September on record.
The October 2019 Arctic sea ice extent surpassed the previous record set in 2012 by 88,800 square miles. Historical months and years may differ from what was reported in previous years. The global land and ocean surface temperature departure from average for September 2019 tied with 2015 as the highest for the month of September in the 140-year NOAA global temperature dataset record, which dates back to 1880.

The global land and ocean temperature departure from average for September 2020 was the highest on record for the month. We estimate that 9.9% of the Earth’s surface set a new local record for the warmest annual average. In 2019, 52% of the Earth have annual averages that would rate as “Very High” compared to the historical climate, including large portions of the tropics. In the atmosphere, 500-millibar height pressure anomalies correlate well with temperatures at the Earth's surface. An example of a temperature anomaly is how much warmer or colder than the long-term average a unit of time something is (like how much warmer than average the most recent year was globally). The global mean temperature in 2019 was estimated to be 1.28 °C (2.31 °F) above the average temperature of the late 19th century, from 1850-1900, a period often used as a pre-industrial baseline for global temperature targets.

This similarity in temperatures regardless of total emissions is a short-term phenomenon: it reflects the tremendous inertia of Earth's vast oceans. The increasing abundance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities is the direct cause of this recent global warming. : +0.56 C (+1.01 °F) above seasonal average Northern Hemisphere.

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