This research was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the University of California, Santa Cruz. Eukaryot Cell 9:486–501, Raksajit W, Satchasataporn K, Lehto K et al (2012) Enhancement of hydrogen production by the filamentous non-heterocystous cyanobacterium, Ro D-K, Paradise EM, Ouellet M et al (2006) Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast. In: Cockell C, Horneck G (eds) ROME: response of organisms to the martian environment (ESA AP-1299). The authors acknowledge that much of their analysis is speculative and that their calculations show a number of significant challenges to making biomanufacturing a feasible augmentation and replacement for abiotic technologies.

Planet Space Sci 98:182–190, DeVincenzi DL (1992) Planetary protection issues and the future exploration of Mars. Nat Rev Genet 4:457–469, Ellis DI, Goodacre R (2012) Metabolomics-assisted synthetic biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 16:345–354, Gao G, Tian B, Liu L et al (2003) Expression of, Giacomelli GA, Furfaro R, Kacira M et al (2012) Bio-regenerative life support system development for Lunar/Mars habitats. The NASA rule-of-thumb is that every unit mass of payload launched requires the support of an additional 99 units of mass, with “support” encompassing everything from fuel to oxygen to food and medicine for the astronauts, etc. “We’ve got a long way to go since experimental proof-of-concept work in synthetic biology for space applications is just beginning, but long-duration manned missions are also a ways off,” says Menezes. “Not only does synthetic biology promise to make the travel to extraterrestrial locations more practical and bearable, it could also be transformative once explorers arrive at their destination,” says Adam Arkin, director of Berkeley Lab’s Physical Biosciences Division (PBD) and a leading authority on synthetic and systems biology. In addition, microbes could also completely replenish expired or irradiated stocks of pharmaceuticals, which would provide independence from unmanned re-supply spacecraft that take up to 210 days to arrive. Most of the current technologies now deployed or under development for providing this support are abiotic, meaning non-biological. Penguin Books, New York. Sustainability 2:591–603, Baker D, Zubrin R (1990) Mars direct: combining near-term technologies to achieve a two-launch manned mars mission.

In addition, microbes could also completely replenish expired or irradiated stocks of pharmaceuticals, which would provide independence from unmanned re-supply spacecraft that take up to 210 days to arrive. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Ambivalences of Creating Life These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Jt. “Abiotic technologies were developed for many, many decades before they were successfully utilized in space, so of course biological technologies have some catching-up to do. Nat Rev Genet 11:367–379, Kim M, Zhang Z, Okano H et al (2012) Need-based activation of ammonium uptake in, Kral TA, Altheide TS, Lueders AE, Schuerger AC (2011) Low pressure and desiccation effects on methanogens: implications for life on mars. Lunar Planet.

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They also thank the Italian Space Agency for supporting the BIOMEX_Cyano and BOSS_Cyano experiments. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory addresses the world’s most urgent scientific challenges by advancing sustainable energy, protecting human health, creating new materials, and revealing the origin and fate of the universe. Wired, Teaching Machines to Detect Climate Extremes This work was supported by IGPL’s appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at NASA Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA, and by CV’s appointment to the NASA Education Associates Program managed by the Universities Space Research Association.

NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California, 30–31 July 2010, Lee SY (2012) Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in strain development. “The mineral and carbon composition of other celestial bodies is different from the bulk of Earth, but the earth is diverse with many extreme environments that have some relationship to those that might be found at possible bases on the Moon or Mars,” Arkin says. ESA-BR-237, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Ewing D (1995) The directed evolution of radiation resistance in, Fajardo-Cavazos P, Waters SM, Schuerger AC et al (2012) Evolution of, Ferrer M, Chernikova TN, Yakimov MM et al (2003) Chaperonins govern growth of, Folcher M, Fussenegger M (2012) Synthetic biology advancing clinical applications.

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Arkin is the senior author of a paper in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface that reports on a techno-economic analysis demonstrating “the significant utility of deploying non-traditional biological techniques to harness available volatiles and waste resources on manned long-duration space missions.” The paper is titled “Towards Synthetic Biological Approaches to Resource Utilization on Space Missions.” The lead and corresponding author is Amor Menezes, a postdoctoral scholar in Arkin’s research group at the University of California (UC) Berkeley. Arai M, Tomita-Yokotani K, Sato S et al (2008) Growth of terrestrial cyanobacterium, Baqué M, de Vera J-P, Rettberg P, Billi D (2013) The BOSS and BIOMEX space experiments on the EXPOSE-R2 mission: endurance of the desert cyanobacterium, Baum SD (2010) Is humanity doomed? Int J Astrobiol 10:315–324, Cockell CS (2014) Trajectories of Martian habitability. The societal implications are complex: there are implications with synthetic biology and human space colonization independently, and together there are potentially more issues. Free Press, New York, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, NASA Ames Research Center, Earth Sciences Division, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21088-9_4, Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment. “At an extraterrestrial base, synthetic biology could make even more effective use of the catalytic activities of diverse organisms.”, Arkin is the senior author of a paper in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface that reports on a techno-economic analysis demonstrating “the significant utility of deploying non-traditional biological techniques to harness available volatiles and waste resources on manned long-duration space missions.”. J Br Interplanet Soc 43:519–526, Billi D, Wright DJ, Helm RF et al (2000) Engineering desiccation tolerance in, Blüm V, Gitelson J, Horneck G, Kreuzberg K (1994) Opportunities and constraints of closed man-made ecological systems on the moon. ESA / Science & Exploration / Human and Robotic Exploration / Astrolab. (Photo courtesy of NASA). The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. However, all organisms we currently know have evolved on Earth and most extraterrestrial environments stress the capabilities of even terrestrial extremophiles. Science 347:415–417, Zhang F, Rodriguez S, Keasling JD (2011) Metabolic engineering of microbial pathways for advanced biofuels production.

Publication, NASA Special 6107, Horneck G, Facius R, Reichert M et al (2003) HUMEX, a study on the survivability and adaptation of humans to long-duration exploratory missions, part I: lunar missions. The University of California manages Berkeley Lab for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science. NASA/CP-2011-216430. In: LPI Contrib.

Astrobiology 12:1135–1142, Nelson M, Pechurkin NS, Allen JP et al (2010) Closed ecological systems, space life support and biospherics. One first step is the establishment of a nonprofit organization which is focused on space biology. Berkeley Lab researchers have used synthetic biology to produce an inexpensive and reliable microbial-based alternative to the world’s most effective anti-malaria drug, and to develop clean, green and sustainable alternatives to gasoline, diesel and jet fuels. Nature 488:320–328, Perani G (1997) Military technologies and commercial applications: public policies in NATO countries. XXXIX, League City, Texas, 10–14 Mar 2008, Brown II, Garrison DH, Jones JA et al (2008) The development and perspectives of bio-ISRU. They are thankful to the editors, whose comments and suggestions lead to significant improvements to the manuscript. Trends Microbiol 18:308–314, Cockell CS (2011) Synthetic geomicrobiology: engineering microbe–mineral interactions for space exploration and settlement. Government Printing Office, Washington, Quintana N, Van der Kooy F, Van de Rhee MD et al (2011) Renewable energy from cyanobacteria: energy production optimization by metabolic pathway engineering.

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 15:289–294, Cockell CS (2010) Geomicrobiology beyond Earth: microbe-mineral interactions in space exploration and settlement.

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