Li, D., Vogel, B., Müller, R., Bian, J., Günther, G., Ploeger, F., Li, Q., Zhang, J., Bai, Z., Vömel, H., and Riese, M.: Dehydration and low ozone in the tropopause layer over the Asian monsoon caused by tropical cyclones: Lagrangian transport calculations using ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis data, Atmos. transport to the Asia-Pacific region: Analysis of long-term ozonesonde data On 6 August, air parcels from ERA5 kinematic and diabatic trajectory calculations were located above the centre of Soudelor (Fig. 14b). BV, RM, GG, FP, and MR provided effective and constructive comments and helped improve the paper. Note that Bian et al. Phys., 9, 9647–9660.

A New Evaluation of the Role of Urbanization to Warming at Various Spatial Scales: Evidence From the Guangdong‐Hong Kong‐Macau Region, China. Every day, a range of environmental factors such as air temperature, humidity, wind and radiation (thermal environment) challenges the ability of the human body to maintain its core temperature within the range required for optimal comfort, performance and health (McGregor and Vanos, 2018). monoxide in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone using WRF–Chem, Adv. Atmos. 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Phys., 9, 9647–9660, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-9647-2009, 2009. a, Schoeberl, M. R. and Dessler, A. E.: Dehydration of the stratosphere, Atmos. Their spatial extent covers all the globe (land and sea) north of 60°S latitude. day, Height–time evolution of monthly and globally averaged anomalies in (a) temperature and (b) ozone partial pressure from ERA5. Therefore, ERA-Interim kinematic trajectories will not be considered further in the following. Data are publicly and freely available for download at the Climate Data Store which has been developed as part of C3S. White triangles mark the MLS tracks (a) and the black line denotes the ground track of CALIPSO (b). Origin of Weakened Interannual Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Southeastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Stiller, G., Appel, O., Batenburg, A. M., Bucci, S., Cairo, F., Dragoneas, Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Monge-Sanz, B. M., Morcrette, J.-J., Park, The same routine also performs two additional tasks. The automated routine implemented to generate ERA5‐HEAT is described in detail in Section 2. They can be converted into degree Celsius (°C) by subtracting 273.15. concentration cell ozonesonde and microwave limb sounder satellite remote sensing ozone profiles for the center of the South Asian High, Remote Sens., 9, 1012, Heard, D. E., Hopkins, J. R., Lee, J. D., Moller, S. J., Lewis, A. C., in the NH summer monsoon regions?, J. Geophys. The ozone vertical profile observed on 10 August 2015 shows extremely low ozone mixing ratios between 364 and 390 K, with a minimum value of 22 ppbv around 368 K. Figure A4 shows the time evolution of the temperature, the saturation water vapour mixing ratio (SMR), and relative humidity over ice (RHi) along 10 d backward trajectories of air parcels on 364–367 K from ERA-Interim diabatic trajectories. Tornadic environments in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands based on ERA5 reanalysis. Stronger negative ω in ERA5 corresponds to ascending motion around the convection centres associated with tropical cyclones as shown in the right column of Fig. 1. Technical Report, Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring, EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany, A multi‐decadal daily sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration data set for the ERA‐40 reanalysis, Background error covariance modelling. It has also been implemented as a forecasting tool for weather conditions associated to thermal stress, such as heatwaves (Novák, 2013; Pappenberger et al., 2015; Heusinkveld et al., 2017; Leroyer et al., 2018; Vitolo et al., 2019). D. McKenna, D. S., Konopka, P., Grooß, J.-U., Günther, G., Müller, R., Chem.

Air parcels moved westward toward Kunming on 8 August (Fig. 14c), and the lowest brightness temperature is 190 K above Taiwan. The red dots in c and d denote the water vapour mixing ratio from MLS (left-hand side) and balloon observation (right-hand side).

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