The Italian patriot Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) devoted his life to achieving liberty and unity for Italy. For the surname, see. [28] In another interview, Marx described Mazzini as "that everlasting old ass".

Encyclopedia of Modern Europe: Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Updates? ." World Encyclopedia. With Mazzini's support, they landed near Cosenza (Kingdom of Naples), but were arrested and executed. "Mazzini, Giuseppe The rise of this socialism "represented a genuine challenge to Mazzini and the Mazzinian emphasis on politics and culture; and Mazzinis' death early in 1872 only served to underline the prevailing sense that his political era was over. But this movement gradually evolved towards the left. CRISPI, FRANCESCO He was admitted to university at 14, graduating in law in 1826 and initially practiced as a "poor man's lawyer". Young Europe also foundered, but the notion of forming a unified revolutionary front lived on. [27][36] Nonetheless, there was a more radical, socialist interpretation of Mazzini's doctrine within the Italian Republican Party, a Mazzinian party, where "there were many who believed the teachings of the Genoese patriot could be compatible with the Marxist doctrine and [...] considered an alliance with the left-wing to be legitimate and desiderable".[37]. 1956).

But this movement gradually evolved towards the left. Mazzini was not loath to accept the legitimacy of violence when the means of peaceful change were denied. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. ", Finelli, Michele.

Claeys, Gregory. Mazzini. Andrew Roberts His father was a successful medical doctor and university professor, his mother a well-educated woman who shared her son's interests and convictions. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.

"Mazzini in Italian historical memory. Gregor, A. James (2014). The short-lived Roman Republic of 1849 gave Mazzini the opportunity to put his ideas to the test. After his many encounters with political philosophers in England, France and across Europe, Mazzini had decided that the principle of equality between men and women was fundamental to building a truly democratic Italian nation. La Giovine Italia (Young Italy) would devote itself to liberation, unity, and republicanism. . Mazzini regarded patriotism as a duty and love for the fatherland as a divine mission, stating that the fatherland was "the home wherein God has placed us, among brothers and sisters linked to us by the family ties of a common religion, history, and language". CARDUCCI, GIOSUÈ [16] From London he also wrote an endless series of letters to his agents in Europe and South America, and made friends with Thomas Carlyle and his wife Jane. ." In 1862, Mazzini joined Garibaldi in his failed attempt to free Rome.

The latter defined him as "Chief of the assassins". He would spend the rest of his life preparing for the social revolution he believed would unite his country. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, "Interview with Karl Marx, head of L'Internationale", "The Retrospective History of the World's Working Class", "Bravest Woman of Modern Times, Jessie White Mario", "In search of London's Little Italy – Londonist", Museum of the Risorgimento (Castelfidardo), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Mazzini&oldid=985384190, Italian people of the Italian unification, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from June 2017, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox philosopher with embed equal yes, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2020, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating text via vb from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the New International Encyclopedia, Articles with Italian-language sources (it), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

[30] In an interview by R. Landor from 1871, Marx stated that Mazzini's ideas represented "nothing better than the old idea of a middle-class republic". Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary, born in Genoa, a son of a medical doctor whose radical views were impressed on Giuseppe as a boy. In early 1831, he was released from prison, but confined to a small hamlet. Encyclopaedia Britannica In that year Mazzini first attempted insurrection, which would spread from Chambéry (then part of the Kingdom of Sardinia), Alessandria, Turin, and Genoa. [27] This caused Karl Marx to refer to Mazzini as a "reactionary" and an "old ass"[28][29] as well as prompting anarchist Mikhail Bakunin to write The Political Theology of Mazzini and the International, whose "defence of the International and the Paris Commune caused a stir in Italy and provoked many renunciations of Mazzini and declarations of support for the International in the press", even leading to "the first nationwide increase in membership in the organisation".

Falchi, Federica (2012). An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of social-democratic republicanism, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state. After his many encounters with political philosophers in England, France and across Europe, Mazzini had decided that the principle of equality between men and women was fundamental to building a truly democratic Italian nation. In 1831, Mazzini went to Marseille, where he became a popular figure among the Italian exiles. In February 1834 incursions into the region of Savoy by armed bands of exiles failed to ignite the popular revolts that Mazzini counted on to start the revolution. This event "allowed a significant section of the radical left, especially a younger generation of radicals led by the poet and satirist Felice Cavallotti and grouped around the newspaper Il Gazzettino Rosa, to break openly and decisively with both Mazzini and the principles and methods of Mazzinian politics". On 30 April 1840, Mazzini reformed the Giovine Italia in London, and on 10 November of the same year he began issuing the Apostolato popolare ("Apostleship of the People").

Despite this setback, whose victims later created numerous doubts and psychological strife in Mazzini), he organized another uprising for the following year. Which was also reformed in 1840 in Paris, thank to the help of Giuseppe Lamberti. Mazzini organized a new political society called Young Italy. In 1847, he moved again to London, where he wrote a long "open letter" to Pope Pius IX, whose apparently liberal reforms had gained him a momentary status as possible paladin of the unification of Italy, but The Pope did not reply. Bayly, C. A., and Eugenio F. Biagini, eds. Selected Writings. London, 1945. Monarchies in any shape or form were corrupt because they existed to protect dynastic interests rather than the public good. Unlike his contemporary Giuseppe Garibaldi, who was also a republican, Mazzini refused to swear an oath of allegiance to the House of Savoy until after the Capture of Rome.

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