These results suggest a relationship exist between L. casei strains, AMP regulation, and cecal microbial composition. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156374.t002.

The observed changes cluster into three groups containing between 1 and 2 strains. Strains of Lactobacillus casei are commonly utilized as probiotics that when consumed alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate the host immune response.

Perdigón G, Vintiñi E, Alvarez S, Medina M, Medici M. J Dairy Sci. Yes The ability to alter the composition of the gut microbiota is likely to influence health, as numerous publications indicate that the gut microbiota impacts the health of the host. The predominance of S24-7 IS decreased significantly (p < 0.05), from 31.8% to 19.8% and 20.4%, respectively, in the mice receiving the BL23 and UW1 strains. In contrast, Yin et al. These strains were the only ones to result in a significant (p < 0.05) change in the level of S24-7 IS, a poorly characterized genus. The positive cells were determined on histological sections from the small intestine of the test and control groups by immunofluorescence assays. Gut immune stimulation by non pathogenic Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria. Flexible cytokine production by macrophages and T cells in response to probiotic bacteria: a possible mechanism by which probiotics exert multifunctional immune regulatory activities. The percentage of phylum Firmicutes increased significantly (p < 0.05) in BL23 and UW1 groups of mice (from 65.7% to 79.5% and 78.0%) (S1 Table). The sequencing resulted in a total of 1,546,910 filtered reads from 48 mice cecum digesta samples; the number of reads varied from 10,899 to 50,113 with an average of 32,227.3 reads per sample. USA.gov. We did not find specific antibodies against L. casei.
eCollection 2020.

The mannose receptor also facilitates the uptake in vitro of the mannosylated antigens by dendritic cells for presentation to T cells, thus influencing the adaptive immune response mediated by Th1 during pathological conditions (21). However, strains 12A and 32G did not have any significant effect on TLR expression. Animals received L. casei CRL 431 for 2, 5, or 7 consecutive days. Approximately 2 cm-tissue from the distal ileum was collected for RNA isolation and preserved in RNAlater (Ambion, Carlsbad, CA) overnight at 4°C. The overall OTUs detected in the cecal microbiota at the genus level for 32G, CRF28, UW1, BL23 and M36-fed mice differed significantly (p<0.05) from the control mice; while, 12A and ATCC 334-fed mice did not differ significantly from the control mice, as determined by Monte-Carlo analysis (Fig 1A). Nonspecific protein-binding sites were blocked with 250 μl of PBS (pH 7.2) containing 5% nonfat dry milk. L. casei strains have been shown to alter the microbiota in the gut and influence the host immune response [18–20]. (A) Effect of. AMPs are crucial components of innate immune system as an active intestinal mucosal defense and have an important role in shaping the composition of the intestinal microbiota [50–52]. The population structure within the L. casei species has been analyzed by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and determined to diverge into three major lineages approximately 1.5 million years ago [22]. In another study, we demonstrated by in vitro assays that the interaction of the probiotic strain L. casei CRL 431 with the epithelial cells is through TLR-2 and that the release of IL-6 is induced as a consequence of this interaction (34). This incubation was followed by two washes with HBSS. 2008 Mar;41(3):223-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.014. (A) Effect of. Working cultures were prepared from frozen stocks by two sequential transfers in MRS broth and incubations were conducted statically at 37°C for 24 h and 18 h, respectively. Biologia (Bratisl). Fighting Diarrhea – In 2002 an Argentinian study found that L. Casei had a massive effect on patients with chronic diarrhea. William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Affiliation (B) Microphotography of CD-206+ control cells and cells receiving 7 days of L. casei administration. Cytokines are critical in the regulation and development of the innate immune system [58]. The number of TLR-2+ cells in the lamina propria of mice given L. casei increased significantly for the three periods of administration (68 ± 9, 62 ± 1, and 95 ± 17 for 2, 5, and 7 days, respectively) compared with results for the control group (40 ± 9), with this enhancement being greater for 7 days of L. casei administration (Fig. A volume of washed cells (based upon the OD600) sufficient to yield a 25 ml cell suspension with an OD600 of 6.0 was harvested by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm and washed with 25 ml of 0.85% NaCl. The IL-6 was probably released by epithelial cells or macrophages (Fig. The other five strains alter the expression of the AMPs in a strain specific manner. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Determination of CD-206 and TLR-2 receptors in immune cells in lamina propria of the small intestine of mice given, Determination of CD-206 and TLR-2 receptors in immune cells isolated from Peyer's patches.

The probiotic function to impact human health is thought to be related to their ability to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate the human innate immune system. The other L. casei strains examined in this study varied in their effect on AMP gene expression (Fig 2). 2008 Mar;41(3):223-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.11.014. PRRs regulate cytokine activity in response to microbial surface patterns. The cells were suspended in sterile 10% (vol/vol) nonfat milk and administered at 1% (vol/vol) in the drinking water. 2004 Jun;16(3):277-83. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2004.03.005. L. casei administration showed no effect on the number of the CD4, CD8, and CD3 markers of the T lymphocytes. The dominant genera in rank order of the cecum microbiota at genus level in all of the samples were Bacteroidales S24-7 Incertae Sedis (IS), Lachnospiraceae IS, and Oscillospira, together these genera comprise 77.5%-87% of the total microbiota (Table 1). Probiotic bacteria would be a good choice to improve the mucosal immune system if the mechanisms through which they work are known. With regard to the number of IL-6-producing cells, we observed an increase in the mice administered L. casei for 2 and 7 days compared with the untreated control (32 ± 10).

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