Cluster generations were performed on an Illumina cluster station using 4 pmol of sequencing libraries.

doi:10.1007/s11938-016-0079-x, 67. J Immunol (2010) 184:4069–73. hordniae, and L. lactis subsp lactis.

Rabhi-Essafi I, Sadok A, Khalaf N, Fathallah DM. Interestingly, LL-OVA was able to induce APC-mediated OVA-specific T-cell proliferation at much lower levels than purified OVA. Of interest, L. lactis strains have a monolayer cell wall which permits direct extracellular secretion. Antigen-specific therapies have mainly concentrated on administering the autoantigens themselves. Prior to the analysis, automatically and manually flagged spots and spots with very low background-subtracted signal intensities (5% of the weakest spots [sum of Cy3 and Cy5 net signals]) were filtered out.

While some probiotic LAB, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus casei, can prime DCs to drive the development of IL-10-producing Tregs, supplying IL-10 to the intestine by delivery using L. lactis is also an option (101). An interesting fact about the abovementioned therapies is that much lower doses of therapeutic biologicals are needed when synthesized by a L. lactis strain than when the biological exposed to the GIT as a purified protein.

The mutations in groEL, pepF, aroD, and gltX correspond to conservative substitutions (i.e., Leu to Ile in pepF, Val to Ile in aroD, and Ala to Val in gltX), and these substitutions are not likely to affect the functioning of the proteins. Huibregtse IL, Marietta EV, Rashtak S, Koning F, Rottiers P, David CS, et al. Gasson MJ.

Biological containment of genetically modified Lactococcus lactis for intestinal delivery of human interleukin 10. On the other hand, a different modification, namely, the accumulation of intracellular trehalose to improve bile resistance, concurrently improved viability under this formulation (20). lactis strain DSM 20481 16S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer and tRNA-Ala gene, complete … Matthews JB, Staeva TP, Bernstein PL, Peakman M, Von Herrath M. Developing combination immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes: recommendations from the ITN-JDRF Type 1 Diabetes Combination Therapy Assessment Group. Here, we present the example in which two glutamine residues within the α-gliadin peptide were changed into glutamic acids to stimulate the deamidated immunodominant α-gliadin response for HLA-DQ8 carrying celiac disease patients (35). LL-IL-10 can modulate immature DCs in vitro to upregulate CD83 and CD86, which in turn will induce suppressive helper T cells (Th). Sci Rep (2017) 7:40128. doi:10.1038/srep40128, 43. The physiological differences of L. lactis strains NZ9000 and MG1363 can be rationalized on the basis of the differences in the genome sequences and should be taken into account in future -omics and cell physiology studies.

Since autoimmunity, marked by the presence of autoantibodies produced by B cells, is present before onset of clinical symptoms this is an appropriate stage of the disease for antigen-specific immune interventions (108). The L. lactis carrier showed to be effective in delivering therapeutics to the mucosa, opening the door to study its potential to reinstate systemic antigen-specific tolerance. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb07941.x, 84.

Breakdown of tolerance to the intestinal bacterial flora in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Induction of ovalbumin-specific tolerance by oral administration of Lactococcus lactis secreting ovalbumin. 18.

Methods in Molecular Biology. Diabetes (2017) 66:448–59. Trials in type 1 diabetes: antigen-specific therapies.

AroD is a type I 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, pepF encodes an M3B oligoendopeptidase F (11, 25), and GltX is a glutamyl-tRNA synthetase that charges glutamine to its corresponding tRNA during protein translation.

Ise W, Nakamura K, Shimizu N, Goto H, Fujimoto K, Kaminogawa S, et al. Intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells: master regulators of tolerance?

The putative −35 and −10 boxes in the promoter region of the L. lactis MG1363 catabolite-controlled ptcC gene are underlined. Puga Yung GL, Fidler M, Albani E, Spermon N, Teklenburg G, Newbury R, et al.

Stress proteins in colorectal mucosa.

Mucosal tolerance can be induced in the absence of natural Tregs and is established by de novo induction of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-dependent manner (6). A breakdown of antigen-specific tolerance can lead to numerous disorders, including food allergies and autoimmune diseases like MS, arthritis, and T1D. Global analysis of L. lactis MG1363 and NZ9000 transcriptomes.To identify patterns of differential expression between L. lactis strains MG1363 and NZ9000, the transcription profiles of both strains were determined for cells grown in GM17 medium and GCDM.

lactis IL1403. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.055, 98.

To the best of our knowledge, the exact sequence of the nisR-nisK insertion site has not been reported previously. Many studies have shown that L. lactis can support barrier function in terms of improved mucus, production of antimicrobial peptides, and secretion of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig) A (45). An inducible surface presentation system improves cellular immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 E7 antigen in mice after nasal administration with recombinant lactococci. Anergic T cells form defective immunologic synapses with antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resulting in a hyporesponsive state (4). doi:10.1038/ni.3049, 64. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.01.020, 128.

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