Any State Party to the Treaty may propose amendments to this Treaty. The establishment of military bases, installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and the conduct of military manoeuvres on celestial bodies shall be forbidden. 1499th plenary meeting,
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty. 1 and in particular the work accomplished by the Legal Subcommittee during its fifth session, held at Geneva from 12 July to 4 August and at New York from 12 September to 16 September. Recognizing the common interest of all mankind in the progress of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. Inspired by the great prospects opening up before mankind as a result of man's entry into outer space. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). 6. When astronauts make such a landing, they shall be safely and promptly returned to the State of registry of their space vehicle. The exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development, and shall be the province of all mankind. Wikibuy Review: A Free Tool That Saves You Time and Money, 15 Creative Ways to Save Money That Actually Work. Taking account of United Nations General Assembly resolution 110 (II) of 3 November 1947, which condemned propaganda designed or likely to provoke or encourage any threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression, and considering that the aforementioned resolution is applicable to outer space. Signatories to the treaty agree to use space for peaceful purposes, to refrain from claiming celestial bodies as national territory, and to take responsibility for space activities originating in their borders, including both government and private space programs. Law States Parties to the Treaty shall regard astronauts as envoys of mankind in outer space and shall render to them all possible assistance in the event of accident, distress, or emergency landing on the territory of another State Party or on the high seas. Believing that the exploration and use of outer space should be carried on for the benefit of all peoples irrespective of the degree of their economic or scientific development.

For one thing, both the United States and the Soviet Union were worried about the potential for using space platforms to fire weapons. AUSTRIA 19 December 1966. This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations. No country having yet landed a man on the Moon, the treaty provided an […] Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law ». Recalling resolution 1962 (XVIII), entitled "Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space",which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly on 13 December 1963. Such objects or component parts found beyond the limits of the State Party to the Treaty on whose registry they are carried shall be returned to that State Party, which shall, upon request, furnish identifying data prior to their return. 5. Members of the Outer Space Treaty have agreed not to launch or use weapons of mass destruction in space, although there are no bans on conventional weapons. For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession. This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Amazon Doesn't Want You to Know About This Plugin. Commends the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution; 2. spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors. The provisions of this Treaty shall apply to the activities of States Parties to the Treaty in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by a single State Party to the Treaty or jointly with other States, including cases where they are carried on within the framework of international intergovernmental organizations. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America, which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments. All stations, installations, equipment and space vehicles on the moon and other celestial bodies shall be open to representatives of other States Parties to the Treaty on a basis of reciprocity. Any practical questions arising in connection with activities carried on by international intergovernmental organizations in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall be resolved by the States Parties to the Treaty either with the appropriate international organization or with one or more States members of that international organization, which are Parties to this Treaty.
The Outer Space Treaty is an international treaty designed to address concerns about the potential uses and abuses of space. Official Records of the General Assembly, Twenty-first Session, agenda items 30, 89 and 91, document A/6431. If the purpose of Star Wars was to destroy nuclear missiles by detecting them from space and firing projectiles at them, wouldn't that violate the treaty? Vienna International Centre, Is Amazon actually giving you the best price? States Parties to the Treaty shall bear international responsibility for national activities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, whether such activities are carried on by governmental agencies or by non-governmental entities, and for assuring that national activities are carried out in conformity with the provisions set forth in the present Treaty. United Nations Office at Vienna Amendments shall enter into force for each State Party to the Treaty accepting the amendments upon their acceptance by a majority of the States Parties to the Treaty and thereafter for each remaining State Party to the Treaty on the date of acceptance by it. Astronauts are accepted as envoys of humankind under the Outer Space Treaty, and as representatives of all humanity, they cannot claim land for their home nations or others. International Law, View all related items in Oxford Reference », Search for: 'Outer Space Treaty' in Oxford Reference ». When activities are carried on in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, by an international organization, responsibility for compliance with this Treaty shall be borne both by the international organization and by the States Parties to the Treaty participating in such organization. PERSPECTIVES Op-Ed by Nathan Inks Just over 50 years ago, the Outer Space Treaty—the document that forms the basis of international space law—entered into force. Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means. 2410, 610 U.N.T.S. The activities of non-governmental entities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, shall require authorization and continuing supervision by the appropriate State Party to the Treaty. 1 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, opened for signature Jan. 27, 1967, 18 U.S.T. Installation of nuclear weapons or "weapons of mass destruction" on the moon, on any other celestial body, or in outer space. In the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, States Parties to the Treaty shall be guided by the principle of co-operation and mutual assistance and shall conduct all their activities in outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, with due regard to the corresponding interests of all other States Parties to the Treaty. States Parties to the Treaty shall carry on activities in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and security and promoting international co-operation and understanding. The treaty also forbids activities in space that might result in contamination or irreparable harm to objects found in space.

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