Nobel prizes for literature have been awarded to Selma Lagerlöf, Verner von Heidenstam, Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Henrik Pontoppidan, Knut Hamsun, Sigrid Undset, Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Pär Lagerkvist, Halldór Laxness, Nelly Sachs, Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson and Tomas Tranströmer. In Iceland, digital sale still only represents 3 per cent of the total sale.[127]. Although the specifics differ between countries and there are ongoing political arguments, there is a strong consensus about keeping to the general concept.
Museovirasto", "Nordic Day - sustainability and bridge-building | Nordic cooperation", "Formal Nordic co-operation | Nordic cooperation", "The Nordic Council – Nordic cooperation", "Nordic Countries strengthen their cooperation in foreign and security policy", "Joint statement by the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden on Nordic foreign and security policy cooperation – building security in a comprehensive manner", "About the Nordic Council of Ministers – Nordic cooperation", "Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship", "Finland's preliminary population figure 5,509,717 at the end of August", "Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 31 december 2016 och befolkningsförändringar 1 oktober–31 december 2016", "Population by municipalities, sex and age 1 January 1998-2020 - Current municipalities", "Top 10 Best selling Scandinavian artists of all time", Theme issue "Power Investigation: The Political Culture of Nordic Self-Understanding", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nordic_countries&oldid=985023377, Articles containing Finnish-language text, Articles containing Icelandic-language text, Articles containing Faroese-language text, Articles containing Greenlandic-language text, Articles containing Northern Sami-language text, Articles containing Lule Sami-language text, Articles containing Inari Sami-language text, Articles containing Southern Sami-language text, Articles containing Skolt Sami-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The total land area of Denmark is 16,638 square miles (43,094 sq km)—this area includes the mainland of Denmark as well as two large islands, Sjaelland and Fyn.
The decline was most profound in Denmark, Finland and Iceland.
[63], During the past 100 years, the population growth has been strongest in Greenland, where the population has multiplied by almost five, from 12,000 to 56,000 people. [57] Icelandic remained the preferred language among the ruling classes in Iceland. During the two world wars and the Cold War, the five small Nordic states were forced into difficult balancing acts, but retained their independence and developed peaceful democracies.
John McKinnell comments that this etymology suggests that the goddess Skaði may have once been a personification of the geographical region of Scandinavia or associated with the underworld. Politically, Finland is not considered to be a part of Scandinavia because of the influence of Scandinavism and its associated political movements. [4], In English usage, Scandinavia also sometimes refers more narrowly to the Scandinavian Peninsula, or more broadly so as to include the Åland Islands, the Faroe Islands, Finland and Iceland. [88], The trade between the Nordic countries is especially considerable as about one fifth of the countries’ foreign trade is trade with other Nordic countries. It borders Russia to the east, Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest and the Gulf of Finland to the south with Estonia on the opposite direction. Is Jersey Part of the UK? The reason Danish, Swedish and the two official written versions of Norwegian (Nynorsk and Bokmål) are traditionally viewed as different languages, rather than dialects of one common language, is that each is a well-established standard language in its respective country. The Nordics are however all part of the European Economic Area. [114], Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish belong to the North Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. In this way, these foreign owners held a greater claim on Finland.
[82], Private consumption has fallen during the crisis, but it gained pace again from 2010 onward.
Foreign trade constitutes an important part of the economic activity. The precipitation is high and snow cover during winters is rare. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, Formation and Resolution of Ideological Contrast in the Early History of Scandinavia, An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami, Danish Institute for International Studies, "Official Site of Scandinavian Tourist Board of North America", "Introduction: Reflections on Political Thought in Finland. The model has been successful: the countries are among the wealthiest worldwide and there is little social unrest. Common characteristic in Nordic pop music is that it can often be either very lighthearted pop music or very dark metal. However, widespread Norwegian resistance to the prospect of a union with Sweden induced the governor of Norway, crown prince Christian Frederick (later Christian VIII of Denmark), to call a constituent assembly at Eidsvoll in April 1814.
[121], Iceland has the highest government expenditure on culture, a total of 3.3 per cent of its GDP in 2011. As described, Saevo and Scatinavia can also be the same place. In Norway, the manufacturing industry's proportion of GDP is still at a high level of around 35 per cent due to the large oil and natural gas sector. Some early Swedish scholars of the Swedish Hyperborean school[65] and of the ninettenth-century romantic nationalism period proceeded to synthesize the different versions by inserting references to the Suiones, arguing that they must have been referred to in the original texts and obscured over time by spelling mistakes or various alterations.[66][67]. Yes! The idea that Scadinavia may have been one of the Scandiae islands was instead introduced by Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. 168 AD), a mathematician, geographer and astrologer of Roman Egypt.
In terms of design, important Finnish brands such as Artek, Marimekko, and Friends of Industry all fall squarely into the Scandinavian design heritage. In Jordanes' history of the Goths (AD 551), the form Scandza is the name used for their original home, separated by sea from the land of Europe (chapter 1, 4). Finland is officially bilingual, with Finnish and Swedish having mostly the same status at national level. The Nordic countries consists of historical territories of the Scandinavian countries, areas that share a common history and culture with Scandinavia. [11] Skanör in Scania, with its long Falsterbo reef, has the same stem (skan) combined with -ör, which means "sandbanks". Especially Iceland and Sweden, but also Finland and Norway, have a significant production of electricity based on hydro power. Notable are the Norwegian fjords, the Scandinavian Mountains, the flat, low areas in Denmark and the archipelagos of Sweden and Norway. Iceland therefore has significant historical and cultural ties to the region. As of 2009, the Greenland Home rule does not require Danish to be taught or the use of Danish for official purposes. Greenland, which is a Danish territory, and the Faroe Islands, which is a self-governing part of Denmark, are also included in the list. The landscape of Sweden can be described as a mixture of that of Norway, Finland and Denmark. Finnish is distantly related to the Sami languages, but these are entirely different in origin to the Scandinavian languages. What constitutes a Scandinavian country changes depending on the context, and on who you ask. Geographically, there are 3 Scandinavian countries (Denmark, Sweden, and Norway). Scandinavia is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties. The Treaty of Kiel (14 January 1814) formally dissolved the Dano-Norwegian union and ceded the territory of Norway proper to the King of Sweden, but Denmark retained Norway's overseas possessions. With the independence of Finland in the early 20th century, and Iceland in the mid 20th century, this movement expanded into the modern organised Nordic cooperation which includes the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. In Iceland, the increase has gone from 78,000 to 322,000 people. When traveling to other countries than the Nordics, public officials in the foreign services of any of the Nordic countries are to assist citizens of another Nordic country if that country is not represented in the territory concerned, according to the Helsinki Treaty.[79]. Large areas in the Scandinavian mountains have alpine tundra climate. The dependent territories Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Greenland, historically part of Norway, remained with Denmark in accordance with the Treaty of Kiel. European Countries That Are Not Members Of The European Union, The US States Most Prone To Natural Disasters, The Largest Football (Soccer) Stadiums In The World. Omissions?
Technically speaking, Scandinavia is a broad term that refers strictly to the three countries minus Finland. Norwegians are accustomed to variation and may perceive Danish and Swedish only as slightly more distant dialects.
This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Scandinavia, Scandinavia - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up).
All of Denmark and most of Finland lie below 200 m, the topography of both is countries being relatively flat. However, more territory was lost and for many years to come Finnish foreign policy was based on appeasing the Soviet Union, even though Finland was able to retain its democratic form of government. Geothermal energy production is the most important
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