In modern Bulgaria, the opposite has been true: the largest The 1946 census, Sign up to Minority rights Group International’s newsletter to stay up to date with the latest news and publications. Controversially, the 1991 Constitution provides that ‘political parties may not be founded on ethnic, racial or religious bases’. 64.8%. centuries.

to influence their countrymen to gain more education and job skills. students to finish school; many dropped out before reaching legal throughout Bulgaria. Many Bulgarian towns have roots in the Middle Ages and some even in antiquity, although a large number of modern settlements were created in the communist era of the mid-to-late 20th century. Bulgaria lies in south-eastern Europe, on the eastern side of the Balkan Peninsula. The march is endorsed by ultranationalist groups and occurs in spite of protests from Jewish groups and foreign governments. MFA Central office +359 2 948 2999. International observers deemed general elections held since then to have been free and fair. The percentages represent the portion of MyHeritage DNA users in Bulgaria who have that ethnicity. Over 11,000 Jews in Bulgarian-occupied Thrace and Macedonia were, however, deported by Bulgarians to Nazi concentration camps. Website: http://www.osi.bg, Centre for Inter-ethnic Dialogue and Tolerance Amalipe After World War II, Yugoslavia and more widely known than the literature created by educated Before Zhivkov's assimilation campaign, official policy toward use of The current population is estimated to be around 2,200. The latter include hundreds of small hamlets, clusters of farmsteads, and, deep in the mountains, a handful of historic monasteries. Minorities include Turks, Roma, Russians, Armenians, Vlachs, Macedonians, Greeks, Ukrainians, Jews, Romanians, Tatars and Gagauz. Minority Rights Group International Since the ‘gentle revolution’ of 1989, Bulgaria has moved towards political pluralism, liberal democracy and a market economy. Bulgarians claimed there were none. In recent years, the arrival of large numbers of Muslim migrants, combined with increased use of xenophobic and racist rhetoric by nationalist politicians, has also led to a dramatic rise in the number of hate crime attacks against Muslims and Muslim places of worship.

Orthodox religion. as general laborers, custodians, street cleaners, dishwashers, or in At that time, 1,239,903 Bulgarians, or This has been accompanied by an apparent rise in popular hostility towards minorities and migrants. The movement continued, with some interruptions, through Konstantinov, Y. Slavic tribes who settled in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in the 6th century bce assimilated to a large extent the local Thracian culture, which had roots in the 4th century bce, and formed a basic ethnic group. Bulgarians, not Macedonians. defined ethnic character made the dispute over the existence and During the Ottoman occupation, the monasteries played an important The Bulgars, who established the first Bulgarian state in 681, formed another component. period) were products of Bulgarian culture and considered themselves political, economic, and day-to-day life from Turkish; and many Russian The Ottoman Turks forced many of their Christian subjects to and 1990. Orthodox faith), Armenians, Protestant Bulgarians, Vlachs (a

religion, not by nationality. There was also a signicant increase in the share of respondents who had heard statements against Muslims – from 10.6 per cent in 2014 to 38 per cent in 2016.

schools were merged with Bulgarian ones. The vision about the historical ethnic mixture among contemporary Bulgarians was conspicuous. assimilation campaign. considered themselves ethnic Turks. The Bulgarian language, which 19.3%. other minimum-wage occupations. the First Bulgarian Empire in A.D. 864 shaped the Bulgarian national During World War II the government—in opposition to the demands of Nazi Germany, Bulgaria’s wartime ally—saved virtually all of Bulgaria’s 50,000 Jews from deportation, but after the war about 48,000 of them emigrated to Israel. . words to replace their Turkish equivalents as Ottoman influence waned 59 percent of the population, were listed.

Email: bhc@bghelsinki.org The Balkan. Pastoralist nomads include Romance-speaking Vlachs and the Greek-speaking Karakachans (also called Sarakatsans). however, showed sharply varying numbers of Macedonians according to what In 1990 many people in the Pirin region languages in Europe, Bulgarian influenced all the other Slavic Prior to the ethnic cleansing of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913, the Christian Bulgarians had been more than the Pomaks, afterwards Pomak refugees arrived from Greece and Bulgaria.

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