Based on the distance from Earth, the types of orbits are classified into low earth orbit, medium earth orbit, the geostationary orbit, and high earth orbit. About the authorUmair HussainiUmair has a Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering.

The low altitude of the Low earth orbit is apt for communication and imaging satellites. This page was last modified on 7 April 2014, at 08:44. High earth orbit is loosely attributed to any orbit beyond 35,786km.

Closer to the Earth, satellites in a medium Earth orbit move more quickly. Optical Fiber Communication ensures that data is delivered at blazing speeds. Two medium Earth orbits are notable: the semi-synchronous orbit and the Molniya orbit. A high Earth orbit is a geocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit (35,786 kilometres (22,236 mi)). This, in turn, further increases the cost of a satellite. The orbital periods of such orbits are greater than 24 hours, therefore satellites in such orbits have an apparent retrograde motion – that is, even if they are in a prograde orbit (90° > inclination ≥ 0°), their orbital velocity is lower than Earth's rotational speed, causing their ground track to move westward on Earth… Additionally, this orbit is always circular. But in their defense, it is easier to represent diagrammatically and avoids clutter.

These two orbits may not necessarily be the same.

That is a unique period that allows these satellites to orbit Earth twice in one day. Geocentric orbit with an altitude entirely above that of a geosynchronous orbit, This article is about a variation of geocentric orbit. Most scientific satellites, including NASAs Earth Observing System fleet, have a low Earth orbit. What is the orbital period of satellites in the high earth orbit? Thus, satellites in this region are a bit expensive as compared to satellites in the low-earth orbit. All satellites in this orbit have an orbital period equal to Earth’s rotational period, i.e. As we’ve seen earlier, the geostationary orbit is a unique area in the space around our planet. They don’t have to track satellites continuously. Since Earth rotates at a faster speed, satellites in HEO appear to be heading in the opposite direction. So for example, if some satellite owners have a large user group in Russia, they would make sure that the apogee of their satellite’s orbit is somewhere over Russia. In the next post, we will take a look at some unique types of orbits (like the Molniya orbit) from some of the categories mentioned above. By signing up, you are agreeing to our terms of use. Clarke’s Orbit is another name for the GEO. For elliptic orbit, see, Examples of satellites in high Earth orbit, "Definitions of geocentric orbits from the Goddard Space Flight Center", Trajectory Details for Vela 1A from the National Space Science Data Center, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Earth_orbit&oldid=975436098, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 August 2020, at 14:06. We’d love to hear your comments and ideas. The charged particles in this region can hurt the performance of satellites.

Ask us a question about our missions. A lot of reference materials and even our own featured image for this post show LEO, MEO orbits to be circular. Join our mailing list to get notified about new courses and features. The relatively low altitude of satellites in this orbit offers some attractive perks for satellite manufacturers and hobbyists. High Earth Orbit has the same abbreviation as Highly Elliptical Orbit. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the high earth orbit? – Simple introduction and FAQs, History of communication satellites – Timeline & major events, Geosynchronous vs Geostationary orbits – Types of orbits (1/2), Low earth orbit, medium and high earth orbits – Types of orbits (2/3), Molniya Orbits and Sun-synchronous orbit – Types of Orbits (3/3), Kepler’s Laws for Satellites – Space Segment. There are essentially three types of Earth orbits: high Earth orbit, medium Earth orbit, and low Earth orbit. Similar to the LEO, satellites in this orbit have to consider atmospheric drag too. Each of these orbits serves specific applications concerning coverage area, cost, and purpose. Read the privacy policy for more information. Nevertheless, this orbit presents its fair share of disadvantages too. What is the altitude range of the Low earth orbit? These satellites face less exposure to atmospheric drag as compared to satellites in the LE/ME orbits. Any orbit beyond the geostationary orbit is known as high earth orbit. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Low earth orbit? The power required to transmit these signals will also increase. What is the orbital period of satellites in the geostationary orbit?

What is the altitude of satellites in the high earth orbit? He is currently pursuing a PG-Diploma from the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, India. Also, imaging satellites can capture very detailed pictures. We will take a look at all of the orbits mentioned above and understand the purpose they serve due to their unique vantage points. Naturally, satellites in this orbit have an orbital period longer than twenty-four hours. An elliptical orbit is particularly useful when service providers wish to relay their services over a particular region for a more extended period.

International Space Station uses layers of shields to protect itself from space debris, This orbit also put satellites in proximity to the Van Allen radiation belts, the geostationary orbit is a unique area in the space around our planet, unique types of orbits (like the Molniya orbit), What is satellite communication? [1] The orbital periods of such orbits are greater than twenty-four hours, therefore satellites in such orbits have an apparent retrograde motion – that is, even if they are in a prograde orbit (90° > inclination >= 0°), their orbital velocity is lower than Earth's rotational speed, causing their ground track to move westward on Earth's surface. CubeSats are incredibly tiny satellites used for small amounts of data collection and other experiments. The purpose of most of the satellites in the MEO are communication, navigation, and to provide a gravity-less environment for scientific experiments. To traverse the large gap, signals require more power.

From Kepler’s second law, the elliptical orbit would mean that the satellite spends a longer time at its apogee (furthest point from Earth) in contrast to its perigee. This value decreases as the altitude increases. Related courses to Low earth orbit, medium and high earth orbits – Types of orbits (2/3). In fact, the International Space Station uses layers of shields to protect itself from space debris.

Umair has a Bachelor’s Degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering. In this OFC course, we will learn all about data transmission using light. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, "Definitions of geocentric orbits from the Goddard Space Flight Center", Trajectory Details for Vela 1A from the National Space Science Data Center, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=High_Earth_orbit&oldid=1649931, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core.

However, the popularity and ease of launching a satellite into this orbit have inadvertently contributed to the issue of space debris. All orbits above low earth orbit and below geostationary orbit are said to be in medium-earth orbit. The medium earth orbit is very useful in providing connectivity and navigation to the polar regions. The most popular of these is the International Space Station and the Iridium network of communication satellites. To be precise, MEO extends from 2000km and ends right below 35,786km. [1] The orbital periods of such orbits are greater than 24 hours, therefore satellites in such orbits have an apparent retrograde motion – that is, even if they are in a prograde orbit (90° > inclination ≥ 0°), their orbital velocity is lower than Earth's rotational speed, causing their ground track to move westward on Earth's surface. The cost of launching a satellite into GEO is high. Moreover, the coverage area from this altitude is pretty good. For High Earth Orbit, when a satellite reaches exactly 42,164 kilometers from the center of the Earth (about 36,000 kilometers from Earth’s surface), it enters a sort of “sweet spot” in which its orbit matches Earth’s rotation. The Medium Earth orbit is also known as the Intermediate Circular Orbit. What is the altitude range of the medium earth orbit?

Due to the altitude, communication signals require less power and time to travel between the Earth stations and the satellites. Recall that retrograde means moving backwards. Communication delays and high costs of manufacturing and launching a satellite into this orbit are some of the areas of concern. A major benefit of this orbit is the fact that Earth stations can be stationary. More than 800 satellites are currently in orbit in the Low-Earth region.

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